干旱胁迫下4种柑橘砧木叶片细胞学特征及抗旱性比较

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0502

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以柑橘砧木三湖红橘（Citrus reticulata Blanc.）、枳[Poncirus trifoliata（L.）Raf.]、枳橙（C. sisensis × P. trifoliata‘Carrizo’）和崇义野橘（C. reticulata‘Chongyi’）2年生实生苗老熟叶片为材料进行脱水处理,测定相对失水率和电导率,并用印迹法和石蜡切片技术比较叶片的显微结构,对4种砧木的抗旱性进行主成分分析。三湖红橘在脱水处理下叶片保水性好,细胞膜受伤害程度最小;气孔密度（325个 · mm^-2）,显著低于其他3个品种,气孔开度减小速度最快;栅栏组织结构分明,较其他3个品种更发达;叶肉栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度之比为0.56,极显著大于其他3个品种。4种柑橘砧木的抗旱性由强到弱依次为三湖红橘 > 枳 > 崇义野橘 > 枳橙。综上,三湖红橘是1个优良的抗旱型柑橘种质资源。

关键词: 柑橘, 砧木, 抗旱性, 气孔, 叶片横切结构

Abstract:

Mature leaves from two-year-old Sanhu red tangerine（Citrus reticulata Blanc.）,Chongyi wild mandarin（C. reticulata‘Chongyi’）,Poncirus trifoliata and Carrizo citrange（C. sisensis × P. trifoliata‘Carrizo’）were detached and dehydrated for 0,3,and 6 h. The results of relative water loss and electrolyte leakage indicated that the leaves of Sanhu red tangerine had the best water retention capacity and suffered the least cell membrane damage under dehydration. Stomatal density of the lower epidermis was counted via blotting,indicating that Sanhu red tangerine had the lowest stomatal density（325 · mm^-2）,significantly lower than the other three varieties（P < 0.05）. Moreover,blotting using the dehydrated leaves showed that the stomatal aperture area of Sanhu red tangerine decreased more promptly in response to dehydration. In addition,leaf anatomical structure was compared via paraffin sectioning. The palisade parenchyma of Sanhu red tangerine was completely differentiated into two layers,but palisade parenchyma of the other three materials were relatively underdevelopped. The ratio of palisade parenchyma thickness and the sponge parenchyma thickness of Sanhu red tangerine was 0.56,which was significantly higher than that of the other three materials. Finally,principal component analysis indicated that the capacity of the four citrus germplasms tolerant to drought was: Sanhu red tangerine > P. trifoliata > Chongyi wild mandarin > Carrizo citrange. In conclusion,Sanhu red tangerine was the most drought-tolerant one among the four tested varieties,which could be used for drought-tolerant citrus breeding in the future.

Key words: citrus, rootstock, drought tolerance, stomata, leaf cross section structure

中图分类号:

S666

钟灶发, 张利娟, 高思思, 彭婷. 干旱胁迫下4种柑橘砧木叶片细胞学特征及抗旱性比较[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(8): 1579-1588.

ZHONG Zaofa, ZHANG Lijuan, GAO Sisi, PENG Ting. Leaf Cytological Characteristics and Resistance Comparison of Four Citrus Rootstocks Under Drought Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(8): 1579-1588.

图/表 8

图1 不同柑橘砧木离体叶片在脱水条件下的表型比较

Fig. 1 Morphological comparison of detached leaves from different Citrus rootstocks under dehydration

图2 不同柑橘砧木离体叶片在脱水条件下的相对失水率（A）和相对电导率（B）不同小写字母表示4个材料在同一处理时间点差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

Fig. 2 Relative water loss（A）and electrolyte leakage（B）of detached leaves from different Citrus rootstocks under dehydration Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among the four varieties at the same time point（P < 0.05）. The same below.

图3 不同柑橘砧木叶片气孔密度

Fig. 3 Observation of stomata and comparison of stomatal density of leaves from different Citrus rootstocks

图4 不同柑橘砧木离体叶片在脱水条件下气孔开展长度、宽度和面积比较

Fig. 4 Comparisons of stomatal aperture length,width and area of dehydrated leaves from different Citrus rootstocks

图5 不同柑橘砧木叶片横切结构比较 PPT：栅栏组织厚度;SPT：海绵组织厚度。

Fig. 5 Comparison of leaf cross section structures of different Citrus rootstocks PPT：palisade parenchyma thickness;SPT：sponge parenchyma thickness.

表1 三湖红橘、枳、枳橙和崇义野橘叶片显微结构观察结果

Table 1 Indexes of leaf microstructures from Sanhu Red Tangerine,Poncirus trifoliata,Carrizo citrange and Chongyi wild mandarin

品种 Cultivar	栅栏组织层数 No. of palisade parenchyma	PPT 栅栏组织厚度/μm Palisade parenchyma thickness	SPT 海绵组织厚度/μm Sponge parenchyma thickness	PPT/SPT
三湖红橘 Sanhu Red Tangerine	2	46.42 ± 1.23 B	82.77 ± 4.63 B	0.57 ± 0.045 A
枳 Poncirus trifoliata	1 ~ 2	46.60 ± 1.02 B	154.30 ± 3.61 A	0.30 ± 0.012 B
枳橙 Carrizo citrange	1 ~ 2	47.24 ± 1.17 B	150.96 ± 3.00 A	0.31 ± 0.013 B
崇义野橘Chongyi wild mandarin	1 ~ 2	54.10 ± 1.25 A	153.70 ± 9.74 A	0.36 ± 0.027 B

表2 各主成分的特征向量

Table 2 Eigenvectors of each principal component

指标 Index	PC1		PC2
指标 Index	特征向量 Eigenvector	载荷 Loading capacity	特征向量 Eigenvector	载荷 Loading capacity
相对失水率 Relative water loss	0.836	0.316	0.432	0.358
电导率 Electrolyte leakage	0.800	0.303	0.536	0.444
气孔密度 Stomatal density	0.904	0.342	-0.101	-0.048
气孔开展长度Stomatal aperture length	-0.977	-0.370	-0.072	-0.060
气孔开展宽度 Stomatal aperture width	-0.962	-0.364	0.237	0.196
气孔开展面积 Stomatal aperture area	-0.911	-0.345	0.403	0.334
栅栏组织厚度 Palisade parenchyma thickness（PPT）	-0.391	-0.148	0.847	0.701
海绵组织厚度 Sponge parenchyma thickness（SPT）	0.999	0.378	-0.025	-0.021
栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度 PPT/SPT	0.978	0.370	0.186	0.154

表3 4个品种的综合得分及抗旱性排序

Table 3 Comprehensive score and drought tolerance ranking of the four cultivars

品种 Cultivar	PC1得分 Score of PC1	PC2得分 Score of PC2	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排序 Ranking
三湖红橘 Sanhu Red Tangerine	3.96	2.37	3.69	1
枳 Poncirus trifoliata	-0.91	-1.11	-0.94	2
枳橙 Carrizo citrange	-1.32	-1.07	-1.28	4
崇义野橘 Chongyi wild mandarin	-1.18	-0.01	-0.98	3

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