文心兰花药帽脱落与切花花朵衰老的关系研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0593

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以花药帽易脱落的‘柠檬绿'和花药帽不易脱落的‘百万金币'文心兰切花为试材,探究花药帽脱落促使花朵衰老的原因。结果表明：去除花药帽的‘柠檬绿'和‘百万金币'分别在处理2和3 d较对照提前出现花瓣失水皱缩的衰老迹象,花药帽脱落16 h后释放内源乙烯,‘柠檬绿'内源乙烯释放速率为对照的55.42倍,‘百万金币'为8.57倍,去除花药帽后‘柠檬绿'和‘百万金币'花朵内源乙烯的释放速率分别在处理3和6 d达到峰值,释放量分别为351.59和82.57 nL · g^-1 · h ^-1。扫描电镜观察两个文心兰品种花药帽与蕊柱结合部位,发现‘柠檬绿'文心兰的蕊柱与花药帽的结合部位上不存在相匹配的长块状扁平结构,而‘百万金币'文心兰的蕊柱与花药帽的结合部位上具有相匹配的长块状扁平结构,两者之间的嵌合可能与防止花药帽的脱落有关。进一步研究发现,外源乙烯均加速了‘柠檬绿'和‘百万金币'花朵的衰老,分别在瓶插3和4 d出现衰老迹象,较对照提前2和3 d,含水量分别下降了12.57 %和20.48 %,丙二醛含量较对照组显著升高。未经外源乙烯处理的‘柠檬绿'单花瓶插1 d后花瓣含水量仅为‘百万金币'花瓣含水量的34.64 % ~ 43.39 %,推测花瓣含水量减少或是文心兰衰老的主要因素之一。

关键词: 文心兰, 切花, 乙烯, 花药帽, 衰老

Abstract:

Using Oncidium flexuosum‘Honey Angle'and‘Million Dollar'cut flowers as test material and the reasons for the senescence ofO. flexuosum flowers caused by the anther cap shedding was investigated. The results revealed that the anther cap shedding of‘Honey Angle'and‘Million Dollar'resulting in petal dehydration and shrinkage earlier than the control for two days and three days,and began to release endogenous ethylene after 16 hours. The endogenous ethylene contents of‘Honey Angle'and ‘Million Dollar'increased 55.42 times and 8.57 time respectively compared to the control. After the fall of the anther cap,‘Honey Angle'and‘Million Dollar'reached their peak of endogenous ethylene contents on the 3rd and 6th day,the ethylene contents were 351.59 and 82.57 nL · g^-1 · h ^-1,respectively. Scanning electron microscope showed that there was no block flat structure on the junction between the anther cap and stamen of‘Honey Angel',whilst on the‘Million Dollar'matching block flat structure was present which may reduce abscission of the anther cap. Moreover,exogenous ethylene treatment accelerates petal senescence of‘Honey Angle'and‘Million Dollar'. Petal dehydration and shrinkage appear on the 3rd and 4th days after treatment in both varieties,respectively. Furthermore,the water content of both varieties significantly decreased by 12.57% and 20.48%,respectively,while the malonaldehyde contents significantly increased. The petal water content of‘Honey Angle'without exogenous ethylene treatment for one day is about 34.61%-43.39% of‘Million Dollar'. The results indicate that petal water content is one of the main factors of the senescence ofO. flexuosum cut flower.

Key words: Oncidium flexuosum, cut flower, ethylene, anther cap, senescence

中图分类号:

S682.31

李欣, 刘亮, 余让才, 李昕悦, 玉云祎, 岳跃冲, 范燕萍. 文心兰花药帽脱落与切花花朵衰老的关系研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(6): 1163-1172.

LI Xin, LIU Liang, YU Rangcai, LI Xinyue, YU Yunyi, YUE Yuechong, FAN Yanping. Studies on the Relationship of Anther Cap Shedding and Cut Flower Senescence in Oncidium flexuosum[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(6): 1163-1172.

图/表 5

图1 去除花药帽对‘柠檬绿'和‘百万金币'文心兰花瓶插寿命的影响

Fig. 1 The effect of anther cap removal on the vase life of‘Honey Angel'and‘Million Dollar'

图2 ‘柠檬绿'和‘百万金币'文心兰花药帽去除后内源乙烯释放速率变化 * 代表在P ≤ 0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Changes in the release rate of endogenous ethylene after removing‘Honey Angel'and‘Million Dollar'anther cap * represents significant difference at the P ≤ 0.05 level.

图3 外源乙烯对‘柠檬绿'和‘百万金币'文心兰花瓶插寿命的影响

Fig. 3 The effect of exogenous ethylene on the vase life of‘Honey Angel'and‘Million Dollar'

图4 外源乙烯对‘柠檬绿'和‘百万金币'文心兰花含水量和MDA的影响

Fig. 4 The effect of exogenous ethylene on the water content and MDAof‘Honey Angel'and‘Million Dollar'flower

图5 不同文心兰品种花药帽及花药帽与蕊柱的结合部位观察

Fig. 5 Observation on the anther cap and combination of anther cap and stamen of two varieties Oncidium flexuosum

参考文献 36

[1]	Cao Jian-kang, Jiang Wei-bo, Zhao Yu-mei. 2007. Physiological and biochemical experiment guidance for fruits and vegetables after harvest. Beijing: China Light Industry Press. (in Chinese)
	曹建康, 姜微波, 赵玉梅. 2007. 果蔬采后生理生化实验指导. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社.
[2]	Chen Chi. 2015. Study on structure and expression characteristics of senescence-associated genes in Dahlia petals[M. D. Dissertation]. Suzhou: Suzhou University. (in Chinese)
	陈驰. 2015. 大丽花花瓣衰老相关基因结构与表达特征的研究[硕士论文]. 苏州: 苏州大学.
[3]	Chen C X, Hussain N, Wang Y R, Li M T, Liu L, Qin M Z, Ma N, Gao J P, Sun X M. 2020. An ethylene-inhibited NF-YC transcription factor RhNF-YC 9 regulates petal expansion in rose. Horticultural Plant Journal, 6 (6):419-427. doi: 10.1016/j.hpj.2020.11.007 URL
[4]	Cheng Yu-xuan, Yang Cui-ping, Tian Xiao-yan, Shi Le-song, Hu Jin, Yan Bing-yu, Gong Xiao-xiao, Zhuang Yu-fen, Pan Ying-wen, Liu Jin-ping. 2017. Effects of preservatives applied at different flowering stages on cut flower senescence of Oncidium Gower Ramsey. Journal of Tropical Biology, 8 (1):48-51,57. (in Chinese)
	程裕轩, 杨翠萍, 田晓岩, 石乐松, 胡进, 闫冰玉, 巩笑笑, 庄玉粉, 潘英文, 刘进平. 2017. 在文心兰不同开花阶段施用保鲜剂对切花衰老的影响. 热带生物学报, 8 (1):48-51,57.
[5]	Fang Hua, Wang Chunlei, Liao Weibiao, Zhang Jing, Huo Jianqiang, Huang Dengjing, Niu Lijuan, Wang Bo. 2019. NO is involved in ABA-regulated senescence of cut roses by maintaining water content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 46 (5):901-909. (in Chinese)
	方华, 王春蕾, 廖伟彪, 张静, 霍建强, 黄登静, 牛丽涓, 王波. 2019. 一氧化氮通过调控水分和抗氧化酶活性参与脱落酸延缓切花月季衰老. 园艺学报, 46 (5):901-909.
[6]	Gao Yong, Wu Shao-jin. 1988. Effects of ethylene on the senescence and longevity of cutting flower. Plant Physiology Journal,(4):5-10. (in Chinese)
	高勇, 吴绍锦. 1988. 乙烯与切花的衰老及保鲜. 植物生理学通讯,(4):5-10.
[7]	Hew C S, Yong J W H. 1997. Physiology of tropical orchids in relation to the industry. World Scientific, 2:254-276. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2002.224 URL
[8]	Huang Wei-tao. 2017. Cloning and expression analysis of RcSAG21 and RcWIN1 related to senescence in Rosa chinensis var.minima [M. D. Dissertation]. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	黄伟韬. 2017. 月季花瓣衰老基因 RcSAG21和 RcWIN1的克隆与表达分析 [硕士论文]. 成都: 四川农业大学.
[9]	Katja H, Kay A, Cassandra C. 2016. Cap removal by honey bees leads to higher pollen rewards from grapevine flowers. Apidology, 47:671-678. doi: 10.1007/s13592-015-0419-1 URL
[10]	Khunmuang S, Kanlayanarat S, Wongs-Aree C, Meir S, Philosoph-Hadas S, Oren-Shamir M, Ovadia R, Buanong M. 2019. Ethylene induces a rapid degradation of petal anthocyanins in cut vanda‘Sansai Blue'orchid flowers. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10:1004. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01004 pmid: 31447870
[11]	Khatami F, Najafi F, Yari F, Khavari-Nejad R A, Takaki K, Okumura T, Takahashi K. 2020. Ethylene induced flower opening,expression of receptor genes,and antioxidant defensive responses in cut roses. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 67 (4):715-723. doi: 10.1134/S1021443720040081 URL
[12]	Lu N H, Wu L M, Shi M W. 2019. Selenium enhances the vase life of Lilium longiflorum cut flower by regulating postharvest physiological characteristics. Scientia Horticulture, 264:1-4.
[13]	Ma N, Ma C, Liu Y, Muhammad O S, Wang C P, Gao J P. 2018. Petal senescence:a hormone view. Journal of Experimental Botany, 69 (4):719-732. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ery009 URL
[14]	Macnish A J, Leonard R T, Borda A M. Genotypic variation in the postharvest performance and ethylene sensitivity of cut rose flowers. Hortscience A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 45 (5):111-135.
[15]	Mirai A, Takashi O, Kazuo I. 2020. Difference of ethylene production and response to ethylene in cut flowers of dahlia(Dahlia variabilis)cultivars,Scientia Horticulturae, 273 (17):715-723.
[16]	Noushina Iqbal, Khan Nafees A, Antonio F, Trivellini A, Francini A, Khan M I R. 2017. Ethylene role in plant growth,development and senescence:interaction with other phytohormones. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8:475-479. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00475 pmid: 28421102
[17]	O'Neill S D, Nadeau J A, Zhang X S, Bui A Q, Halevy A H. 1993. Interorgan regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes by pollination. Plant Cell, 5 (4):419-432.
[18]	Shi Huan, Li Rong, Gao Yu-ying, Lin Yu-lin, Du Yi-yin, Lai Zhong-xiong, Huang Peng-lin. 2018. Cloning and expression of ethylene insensitivity gene EIN2 in Oncidesa. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 38 (9):1613-1619. (in Chinese)
	时欢, 李蓉, 高玉莹, 林玉玲, 杜宜殷, 赖钟雄, 黄鹏林. 2018. 文心兰乙烯不敏感基因 EIN2的克隆及表达分析. 西北植物学报, 38 (9):1613-1619.
[19]	Shimizu Y, Hiroko I K. 2010. Postharvest physiology and technology of cut Eustoma flowers. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 79 (3):227-238. doi: 10.2503/jjshs1.79.227 URL
[20]	Tian Xiao-yan. 2015. Cloning and expression analysis of OnACO2 and OnERS1 gene from Oncidium Gower Ramsey[M. D. Dissertation]. Haikou: Hainan University. (in Chinese)
	田晓岩. 2015. 文心兰 OnACO2与 OnERS1基因的克隆及表达分析 [硕士论文]. 海口: 海南大学.
[21]	Wang C L, Fang H, Gong T Y, Zhang J, Niu L J, Huang D J, Huo J Q, Liao W B. 2020. Hydrogen gas alleviates postharvest senescence of cut rose‘Movie star'by antagonizing ethylene. Plant Molecular Biology, 102 (3):271-285. doi: 10.1007/s11103-019-00946-3 URL
[22]	Wang Kaixuan, Wang Yi, Shi Tian, Ding Xining, Yuan Junhui, Shi Guoan, Hu Yonghong. 2020. Physiological effects of rapamycin pretreatment on delaying the senescence of cut flower in tree peony‘Luoyanghong'. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 47 (10):1956-1968. (in Chinese)
	王凯轩, 王依, 史田, 丁熙柠, 袁军辉, 史国安, 胡永红. 2020. 雷帕霉素预处理延缓牡丹‘洛阳红'切花衰老的生理效应. 园艺学报, 47 (10):1956-1968.
[23]	Woltering E J. 1990a. Interrelationship between the different flower parts during emasculation-induced senescence in Cymbidium flowers. Journal of Experimental Botany, 229 (41):1021-1029.
[24]	Woltering E J. 1990b. Interorgan Translocation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and ethylene coordinates senescence in emasculated Cymbidium flowers,Plant Physiolgy, 92:837-845.
[25]	Wu F, Zhang C, Wang X Q, Guo J, Dong L. 2017. Ethylene-influenced development of tree peony cut flowers and characterization of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and perception. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 125:150-160. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.11.014 URL
[26]	Xiong Yun-hai. 2000. Preliminary study on physiological mechanism of senescence in hybrida rose during dry storage. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),(2):164-168. (in Chinese)
	熊运海. 2000. 干藏过程中月季切花衰老的生理机制初探. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),(2):164-168.
[27]	Xu C J, Ru Z W, Li L, Zeng B Y, Huang J M, Huang W, Hu O. 2015. The Effects of polyphenol oxidase and cycloheximide on the early stage of browning in phalaenopsis explants. Horticultural Plant Journal, 1 (3):172-180.
[28]	Xu Li-ping, Liu Jian-bing, Yu Fang-yuan. 2019. Physiological and biochemical changes in petals before and after pollination in Styrax tonkinensis. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 41 (3):464-475. (in Chinese)
	徐丽萍, 刘建兵, 喻方圆. 2019. 东京野茉莉授粉前后花瓣的生理生化变化. 江西农业大学学报, 41 (3):464-475.
[29]	Yang Guang-hua, Liu Jin-ping. 2014. Cloning and expression analysis of OnACO1 gene from Oncidium Gower Ramsey. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 35 (4):693-699. (in Chinese)
	杨光华, 刘进平. 2014. 文心兰ACC氧化酶基因 OnACO1克隆与表达分析. 热带作物学报, 35 (4):693-699.
[30]	Yang Ruowen, Zhang Ping, Xue Yuqian, Xue Jingqi, Wang Shunli, Zhang Xiuxin. 2018. Effects of ethylene on opening and senescence process of herbaceous peony cut flowers‘Banker Hill'and‘Yangfei Chuyu'. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 45 (8):1575-1586. (in Chinese)
	杨若雯, 张萍, 薛玉前, 薛璟祺, 王顺利, 张秀新. 2018. 乙烯对‘班克海尔'和‘杨妃出浴'芍药切花开放和衰老的影响. 园艺学报, 45 (8):1575-1586.
[31]	Yu Ling, Xia Zhen-ping, Li Yu-shu, Zou Yuan-dong, Liu Xufu. 2020. Research progress on post-harvest senescence mechanism for cut flowers of tree peony. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(2):103-104,107. (in Chinese)
	于玲, 夏振平, 李玉舒, 邹原东, 刘旭富. 2020. 牡丹鲜切花采后衰老机理研究进展. 现代农业科技, 2:103-104,107.
[32]	Zhang Jing, Liu Jin-quan. 2009. Advances in preservative researches on flower cutting. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,(1):144-146. (in Chinese)
	张静, 刘金泉. 2009. 鲜切花保鲜技术研究进展. 黑龙江农业科学,(1):144-146.
[33]	Zhang Lin, Xia Yi-ping, Du Fang, Wu Yun, Ma Yi-di. 2009. Research advance in relationship between ethylene and vase life of cut lily flowers. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 40 (9):1826-1836. (in Chinese)
	张琳, 夏宜平, 杜方, 吴昀, 马怡迪. 2013. 乙烯与百合切花瓶插寿命的关系研究进展. 园艺学报, 40 (9):1826-1836.
[34]	Zhang Wei-yan. 2008. Causes of premature senescence of fresh cut flowers and preservation techniques. Xiandai Horticulture,(6):23-24. (in Chinese)
	张伟燕. 2008. 鲜切花早衰原因及保鲜技术. 现代园艺,(6):23-24.
[35]	Zhang X S, Zheng C C, O′Neill S D. 1999. Expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes regulated by pollination associated factors in Doritaenopsis hybrida flowers. Acta Botanica Sinica, 41 (5):468-471.
[36]	Zhou Lin, Jia Pei-yi, Liu Juan, Wan Wei-lan, Huo Zhi-peng, Dong Li. 2009. Effect of ethylene on cut flowers of tree peony‘Luoyang Hong'opening and senescence process and endogenous ethylene biosynthesis. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 36 (2):239-244. (in Chinese)
	周琳, 贾培义, 刘娟, 王玮然, 霍志鹏, 董丽. 2009. 乙烯对‘洛阳红'牡丹切花开放和衰老进程及内源乙烯生物合成的影响. 园艺学报, 36 (2):239-244.