大花黄牡丹枝条二次发育特点的观察

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0171

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在西藏林芝地区和河南芍药科迁地保护中心观察了中国特有植物大花黄牡丹（Peaonia ludlowii）的枝条发育。结果表明:大花黄牡丹春季花枝在花期前后第2次萌发枝条,二次枝秋季并不“枯枝退梢”,这是区别牡丹组其他种和栽培品种的特征之一。二次枝顶芽分化成具花、叶原基和腋芽原基的复合芽,从分化起始到开花结实历经3个年周期,约17 ~ 20个月。二次枝的生长、顶芽分化与种实发育同步并可增加群落冠层高度。非采挖性砍伐有利于枝条更新。

关键词: 牡丹, 二次枝, 枝芽发育, 复合芽

Abstract:

Branches development of Peaonia ludlowii was observed in Nyingchi,Tibet and Henan Paeoniaceae Ex-situ Conservation Center. The results showed that:it developed secondary branches around florescence in spring,the bud-above-part of the secondary branches would not dried in autumn,which is one of the characteristics that distinguishes it from other species and cultivars of Paeonia Sect. Moutan. The terminal buds on secondary branches differentiated into composite buds with floral primordium,leaf primordium and axillary primordium. A composite buds takes 3-annual cycles from the beginning of differentiation to blossoms and frucitification,about 17-20 months actually. The secondary branches development and the terminal buds differentiation were synchronized with the follicles,simultaneously increased the canopy height. The not-excavated-harvest was beneficial to branches regeneration.

Key words: Paeonia ludlowii, secondary branch, branch and bud development, composite bud

中图分类号:

S685.11

袁涛, 陈庭巧, 唐英. 大花黄牡丹枝条二次发育特点的观察[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(1): 117-126.

YUAN Tao, CHEN Tingqiao, TANG Ying. Secondary Branches Development of Paeonia ludlowii[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(1): 117-126.

图/表 6

参考文献 35

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芽的世代 Generations of buds	第1年 The first year	第2年 The second year	第3年 The third year	第4年 The fourth year
母代芽（复合芽） Initial bud （composite bud）	春季最早萌发,发育成花枝/ 果枝 Germinated earliest in spring,developed into flowers/fruit branches
子一代芽（叶芽） First generation bud （vegetative bud）	花枝叶腋处,花期前后发育成二次枝 Germinated around florescence at flower branch axils,developed into secondary branches
子二代芽（复合芽） Second generation bud（composite bud）	二次枝顶端,秋季形成（图1,B ~ D） Formed on secondary branches top,developed in autumn（Fig. 1,B-D）	春季最早萌发,形成花枝/果枝 Germinated earliest in spring,developed into flowers/fruit branche
子三代芽/腋芽原基 Third generation bud（axillary bud primordium）	子二代芽内叶原基腋处,秋季形成（图1,C、D中ABP） Formed at the base of leaf primordium inside second bud in autumn（ABP in Fig.1,C,D）	花枝叶腋处,花期前后发育成二次枝 Germinated around florescence at flower branch axils,developed into secondary branches
子四代芽/复合芽 Fourth generation bud（composite bud）		二次枝顶端,秋季形成（图1,B ~ D） Formed on secondary branches top,developed in autumn（Fig. 1,B-D）	春季萌发最早,发育成花枝/果枝 Germinated earliest in spring,developed into flowers/fruit branches
子五代芽（腋芽原基) Fifth generation bud （axillary bud primordium）		子四代芽内叶原基腋处,秋季形成（图1,C、D中的ABP） Formed at the base of leaf primordium inside second bud in autumn（ABP in Fig.1,C,D）	花枝/果枝叶腋处,花期前后发育成二次枝 Germinated around florescence at flower branch axils,developed into secondary branches
子六代（复合芽） Second generation bud（composite bud）			二次枝顶端,秋季形成（图 1,B ~ D） Formed on secondary branches top,developed in autumn（Fig.1,B-D）	春季萌发最早,发育成花枝/果枝 Germinated earliest in spring,developed into flowers/fruit branches

芽的世代 Generations of buds	第1年 The first year	第2年 The second year	第3年 The third year	第4年 The fourth year
母代芽（复合芽） Initial bud （composite bud）	春季最早萌发,发育成花枝/ 果枝 Germinated earliest in spring,developed into flowers/fruit branches
子一代芽（叶芽） First generation bud （vegetative bud）	花枝叶腋处,花期前后发育成二次枝 Germinated around florescence at flower branch axils,developed into secondary branches
子二代芽（复合芽） Second generation bud（composite bud）	二次枝顶端,秋季形成（图1,B ~ D） Formed on secondary branches top,developed in autumn（Fig. 1,B-D）	春季最早萌发,形成花枝/果枝 Germinated earliest in spring,developed into flowers/fruit branche
子三代芽/腋芽原基 Third generation bud（axillary bud primordium）	子二代芽内叶原基腋处,秋季形成（图1,C、D中ABP） Formed at the base of leaf primordium inside second bud in autumn（ABP in Fig.1,C,D）	花枝叶腋处,花期前后发育成二次枝 Germinated around florescence at flower branch axils,developed into secondary branches
子四代芽/复合芽 Fourth generation bud（composite bud）		二次枝顶端,秋季形成（图1,B ~ D） Formed on secondary branches top,developed in autumn（Fig. 1,B-D）	春季萌发最早,发育成花枝/果枝 Germinated earliest in spring,developed into flowers/fruit branches
子五代芽（腋芽原基) Fifth generation bud （axillary bud primordium）		子四代芽内叶原基腋处,秋季形成（图1,C、D中的ABP） Formed at the base of leaf primordium inside second bud in autumn（ABP in Fig.1,C,D）	花枝/果枝叶腋处,花期前后发育成二次枝 Germinated around florescence at flower branch axils,developed into secondary branches
子六代（复合芽） Second generation bud（composite bud）			二次枝顶端,秋季形成（图 1,B ~ D） Formed on secondary branches top,developed in autumn（Fig.1,B-D）	春季萌发最早,发育成花枝/果枝 Germinated earliest in spring,developed into flowers/fruit branches

调查地点 Investigation site	长/cm Length		直径/cm Diameter		叶片数 Leaf number	二次枝的果枝比例/% Proportion of fruit branches
	平均值 Average	最大值 longest	平均值 Average	最大值 longest		二次枝的果枝比例/% Proportion of fruit branches
	平均值 Average	最大值 longest	平均值 Average	最大值 longest		1	2	≥3
红卫林场Hongwei forest farm	7.56	11.10	0.94	1.20	0 ~ 4	79.0	5.8	15.2
林芝机场Nyingchi Airport	7.07	7.50	1.03	0.80	0 ~ 5	57.2	18.1	24.7
扎贡沟Zhagonggou	18.55	24.00	0.96	1.40	0 ~ 4	20.0	64.6	84.6
米瑞乡Mirui Township	5.04	19.00	0.66	1.64	0 ~ 5	12.5	77.5	10.0
高原生态所Tibet ecology institute	5.92	8.00	0.76	1.20	0 ~ 3	94.0	1.6	4.4
迁地保护中心 The ex-situ conservation centre	3.28	24.31	0.57	1.52	0 ~ 4	60.0	40.0	0

调查地点 Investigation site	长/cm Length		直径/cm Diameter		叶片数 Leaf number	二次枝的果枝比例/% Proportion of fruit branches
	平均值 Average	最大值 longest	平均值 Average	最大值 longest		二次枝的果枝比例/% Proportion of fruit branches
	平均值 Average	最大值 longest	平均值 Average	最大值 longest		1	2	≥3
红卫林场Hongwei forest farm	7.56	11.10	0.94	1.20	0 ~ 4	79.0	5.8	15.2
林芝机场Nyingchi Airport	7.07	7.50	1.03	0.80	0 ~ 5	57.2	18.1	24.7
扎贡沟Zhagonggou	18.55	24.00	0.96	1.40	0 ~ 4	20.0	64.6	84.6
米瑞乡Mirui Township	5.04	19.00	0.66	1.64	0 ~ 5	12.5	77.5	10.0
高原生态所Tibet ecology institute	5.92	8.00	0.76	1.20	0 ~ 3	94.0	1.6	4.4
迁地保护中心 The ex-situ conservation centre	3.28	24.31	0.57	1.52	0 ~ 4	60.0	40.0	0

调查地点 Investigation site	位置 Position	枝长/cm Length	枝粗/cm Diameter	枝上的叶片数 Number of leaves per branch
林芝机场 Nyingchi Ariport	花序下第1叶腋处The first axillae under florence	13.2	1.1	5.6
林芝机场 Nyingchi Ariport	花序下第2叶腋处The second axillae under florence	8.3	0.7	4.4
扎贡沟 Zhagonggou	花序下第1叶腋处The first axillae under florence	17.8	1.2	6.2
	花序下第2叶腋处The second axillae under florence	13.3	0.9	4.1
	花序下第3叶腋处The third axillae under florence	3.2	0.4	1.9