中国普通杏种质资源若干生物学性状的频度分布

园艺学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 17-22.

中国普通杏种质资源若干生物学性状的频度分布

何天明^1,2; 陈学森^1*; 张大海³; 徐　麟³; 刘　宁⁴; 高疆生² ; 许　正⁵

(¹ 山东农业大学园艺学院果树生物学实验室, 山东泰安271018; ² 塔里木大学植物科技学院, 新疆阿拉尔843300;³ 新疆农业科学院轮台国家果树资源圃, 新疆轮台841600; ⁴ 辽宁农业科学院熊岳国家李杏资源圃, 辽宁熊岳115214;⁵ 新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州野果林研究与发展中心, 新疆伊犁835000)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-02-25 发布日期:2007-02-25

Frequency Distribution of Several Biolog ical Characters in Different ApricotEco-geographical Groups Native to China

HE Tian-ming^1,2; CHEN Xue-sen^1*; ZHANG Da-hai³; XU Lin³; LIU Ning⁴ ; GAO Jiang-sheng²;XU Zheng⁵

(¹ Biological Laboratory of Pomology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taipan, Shandong 271018, China; ²College of PlantScience and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China; ³Luntai National Germplasm Garden of Fruit Trees,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang 841600, China; ⁴N ational Plum and Apricot Germ plasm Garden,Institute of Pomology, L iaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiongyue, L iaoning 115214, China; ⁵ Research and Development Center of Wild Fruit Forest of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Yili, X injiang 835000,China)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-02-25 Published:2007-02-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对华北、中亚和准噶尔—外伊犁3个生态地理群的520余份中国杏种质资源部分生物学性状
进行了田间试验和野外考察。结果表明: ①中国杏三大生态地理群品种、类型或株系自交坐果率平均值均
≤2.0% , 自交不亲和及部分自交不亲和株率均> 90% , 总体上表现为自交不亲和, 但同时也发现了个别自
交结实率高(9.9%～18.0% ) 的自交亲和种质; ②3个生态地理群败育花比率均在40%以上, 变异系数均
在50%以上, 而就某一品种来讲, 其败育花率相对稳定; ③油杏性状在中亚生态地理群品种中的频度高达
76.6% , 而其它两个生态地理群皆为毛杏; ④相对于伊犁野杏(平均单果质量8.2 g) 和中亚品种群
(23.2 g) , 大果性状在华北生态地理群中为优势性状(51.4 g) ; ⑤三大生态地理群离核的比率均高于粘核
比率, 野杏类型的离核频度高达94.6% , 而华北杏仅为58.8%; ⑥可溶性固形物含量以中亚杏最高
(18.5% ) , 而华北杏在华北(13.1% ) 和新疆(16.1% ) 两地有极显著性差异, 说明这一性状是典型的数
量性状, 易受环境影响; ⑦伊犁野杏、中亚杏及华北杏甜仁比率分别为0.9%、93.1%和44.4%。对人为
选择和自然选择在部分性状的起源与演化中的作用进行了探讨。

关键词: 杏, 生物学性状, 频度, 生态地理群, 进化

Abstract: In order to exploit the evolution of genes of apricot native to China, the frequency distribution
of several biological characters of apricot in different eco-geographical groups (North China, Central Asia,
Dzhungar - Zailij) native to China were analyzed in the study. In general, self-incompatibility was a common
character for the three eco-geographical groups with averages less than 2.0% and the percentages of self
incompatible cultivarsmore than 90%. Therefore, a few self-compatible germp lasmswere found, too. Higher
sterile flower rate of 40% was observed in all eco-geographical groups with a higher coefficient variance of
50%. For a certain cultivar or form, the trait was relatively stable. Glabrous-fruited cultivars were only ob
served in Central Asian eco-geographical group with a higher percentage of 76.6%. In other two group s, the cultivars or forms were all identified as rough skin-fruit. The largest fruit size (with an average of 51.4 g) was
a predominate trait in North China group compared with those of Central Asian group (23.2 g) and Dzhungar
- Zailij group (8.2 g). In the three groups, the rate of freestone-fruited cultivars or forms was remarkably
higher than those of clingstone. The frequencies of freestone were different among the group swith the highest
frequency of 94.6% in Dzhungar - Zailij group and the lowest frequency of 58.8% in North China group. The
highest value of the total soluble solid wasmeasured in Central Asia group (18.5% ). The total soluble solid
was greatly affected by environmental factors indicating itwas an classical quantitative trait. For cultivars from
North China, the valuesmeasured from Shandong (13.1%) and Xinjiang (16.1% ) were different very sig
nificantly ( F = 42.361, P < 0.01). The highest rate of sweet kernel (93.1% ) was observed in the Central
Asian eco-geographical group compared to Ili wild population ( 0.9% ) and North China group ( 44.4% ).
The effect of artificial selection and natural selection on the origin and evolution of the characterswas also dis
cussed.

何天明;陈学森;张大海;徐　麟;刘　宁;高疆生;许　正. 中国普通杏种质资源若干生物学性状的频度分布[J]. 园艺学报, 2007, 34(1): 17-22.

HE Tian-ming;CHEN Xue-sen;ZHANG Da-hai;XU Lin;LIU Ning;GAO Jiang-sheng;XU Zheng. Frequency Distribution of Several Biolog ical Characters in Different ApricotEco-geographical Groups Native to China[J]. ACTA HORTICULTURAE SINICA, 2007, 34(1): 17-22.

[1]	苑克俊, 牛庆霖, 秦志华, 王培久. 早熟杏新品种‘英华’[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(S2): 27-28.
[2]	王艳, 左美丽, 雷经洋, 任杰, . 银杏新品种‘金贝’[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(S1): 175-176.
[3]	邹学校, 朱凡. 辣椒的起源、进化与栽培历史[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(6): 1371-1381.
[4]	梁沁, 张延晖, 康开权, 刘瑾航, 李亮, 冯宇, 王超, 杨超, 李永裕. miR168家族进化特性及其在砂梨休眠期的表达模式分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(5): 958-972.
[5]	梁晨, 孙如意, 向锐, 孙艺萌, 师校欣, 杜国强, 王莉. 葡萄生长调控因子GRF家族基因的鉴定及表达分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(5): 995-1007.
[6]	潘鑫峰, 叶方婷, 毛志君, 李兆伟, 范凯. 睡莲WRKY家族的全基因组鉴定和分子进化分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(5): 1121-1135.
[7]	武晓晓, 陈传武, 刘萍, 唐艳, 邓崇岭. 基于重测序的广西姑婆山野生柑橘资源遗传演化及分类地位分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(2): 407-415.
[8]	申序, 陈晓慧, 张婧, 陈荣珠, 徐小萍, 李晓斐, 蒋梦琦, 刘蒲东, 倪珊珊, 林玉玲, 赖钟雄. 龙眼染色质重塑因子Snf2基因家族的进化动力学研究及在体胚发生早期的表达[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(1): 41-61.
[9]	冯丽肖, 胡荣, 卜姗, 张德咏, 罗香文, 李凡, 丁铭, 张卓, 张松柏, 刘勇. 云南省番茄莴苣褪绿病毒分子检测及遗传进化分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(1): 141-147.
[10]	范旭东, 董雅凤, 张尊平, 任芳, 胡国君, 张梦妍, 李晨. 中国葡萄卷叶相关病毒7检测及基因变异分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(2): 347-354.
[11]	葛福荣, 苑克俊, 牛庆霖, 杨玉良, 庄娣, 许平. 早熟杏新品种‘立园’[J]. 园艺学报, 2020, 47(S2): 2887-2888.
[12]	王少敏, 冉昆, 魏树伟, 王宏伟, 张勇, 董冉, 董肖昌. 早熟杏新品种‘鲁杏6号’[J]. 园艺学报, 2020, 47(S2): 2889-2890.
[13]	冯靖1，杨灿1，卢娟芳1，席万鹏1,2,*. 杏CCD1和CCD4启动子克隆及顺式作用元件分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2020, 47(5): 939-952.
[14]	陈雅寒1,2,，马强1,，孙平平1，张磊1，李正男1,**. 杏衰退萎黄病病毒的siRNA高通量测序和RT-PCR鉴定[J]. 园艺学报, 2020, 47(4): 725-733.
[15]	孙浩元，杨丽，张俊环，姜凤超，张美玲，王玉柱*. 杏新品种‘京骆丰’[J]. 园艺学报, 2020, 47(4): 805-806.