Abstract: Rosa praelucens Byhouwer and R. soulieana Crép. are two representative wild rose species in the Hengduan Mountains，Southwestern China. Floral morphology and visiting insects were observed and artificial pollination was carried out in order to investigate their breeding systems. The results were as the follows：R. soulieana had white small flowers in corymb，styles of which were subequal to stamens in length. A single flower last 3–4 days and only scattered pollens in the morning of the firstopen day. The stigmas had receptivity on the second day after blooming and became inactivated on the fourth day. The ratio of pollen to ovule（P/O）was 11 120.5. The main visiting insects for R. soulieana were honey bees and butterflies. R. praelucens had much larger crimson single flowers，often semi-doubled and petal color of which gradually faded with senescence. The stigmas were much shorter than the stamens and located at the entrance of hypanthium. A single flower could last 6–7 days and keep scattering pollens for 3 days after blooming. The stigma maintained viability for 4 days. P/O of R. praelucens was 12 485.7；The main visiting insect was bumble bees. Both R. praelucens and R. soulieana were entomophilous plants，neither agamospermy nor autogamy. Flowers pollinated with pollens either from other flowers in the same plant or from other plants could fruit，which suggested that both species were geitonogamy selfing and xenogamy. Geitonogamy selfing significantly reduced achenes per hip of both species. However，it had little effect on achene weight of R. soulieana and significantly increased the achene weight of R. praelucens. R. soulieana had endured less pollination restriction in its popular valley habitat while R. praelucens had evolved a series of breeding features to adapt the restriction of pollination in habitats with higher altitude.

Key words: Rosa praelucens, Rosa soulieana, breeding system；entomophily, geitonogamy selfing, xenogamy